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1.
Emergencias ; 34(1): 7-14, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35103438

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical, outcome, and risk factors in a cohort of patients treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in a hospital emergency department (ED) or by out-of-hospital emergency medical services (OHEMSs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Multicenter, prospective cohort study enrolling consecutive patients with acute pulmonary edema and/or exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were treated with NIV between November 2018 and November 2020 in a hospital ED or OHEMS setting in Madrid. We recorded baseline data, variables related to the acute episode, and outcome variables, including in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission. RESULTS: A total of 317 patients were included; 132 (41.6%) were treated in an OHEMS setting and 185 (58.4%) in a hospital ED. Forty-seven (16.3%) in-hospital deaths occurred, and 78 patients (28.8%) were readmitted within 30 days. Mortality in the hospital ED and OHEMS subsamples did not differ, but the patients who received NIV in an OHEMS setting had a lower 30-day readmission rate. On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was associated with prior dependence in activities of daily living in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.11-5.27) and a low-moderate score on the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) versus a high-very high one (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.26-5.77). Mortality after OHEMS ventilation was associated with discontinuance of NIV during transfer (OR, 8.57; 95% CI, 2.19-33.60). Readmission within 30 days was associated with group (in-hospital ED application of NIV) (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 2.62-6.45) and prior dependence (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.02-4.22). CONCLUSION: Patients treated in the hospital ED and OHEMS setting have similar baseline characteristics, although acute episodes were more serious in the OHEMS group. No significant differences were found related to in-hospital mortality. Higher mortality was associated with dependence, a SAPS II score greater than 52, and discontinuance of NIV. Readmission was associated with dependence and NIV treatment in the hospital ED setting.


OBJETIVO: Describir las características clínicas, evolutivas y los factores pronóstico de una cohorte de pacientes tratados con ventilación no invasiva (VNI) en servicios de urgencias extrahospitalarios (SUEH) y hospitalarios (SUH). METODO: Estudio de cohortes multicéntrico, prospectivo con inclusión consecutiva de pacientes con edema agudo de pulmón o agudización de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica tratados con VNI entre noviembre 2018 y noviembre de 2020 en SUEH y SUH de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se recogieron características basales, del episodio agudo, así como variables de resultado incluyendo la mortalidad hospitalaria y el reingreso a 30 días. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 317 pacientes, 132 (41,6%) en SUEH y 185 (58,4%) en SUH. Hubo 47 muertes intrahospitalarias (16,3%) y 78 reingresos a los 30 días (28,8%). No hubo diferencias en la mortalidad, pero el grupo VNI-SUEH tuvo menor reingreso a 30 días. En el análisis multivariado la mortalidad intrahospitalaria se asoció con la dependencia previa (OR = 2,4; IC 95%: 1,11-5,27) y el SAPS-II bajo-moderado frente al alto-muy alto (OR = 2,69; IC 95%: 1,26-5,77). En la cohorte extrahospitalaria, la mortalidad intrahospitalaria se asoció con la retirada de la VNI en la transferencia del paciente (OR = 8,57; IC 95%: 2,19-33,60). Los reingresos a los 30 días se asociaron con inicio de VNI en el hospital (OR = 3,24; IC 95%: 2,62-6,45) y dependencia previa (OR = 2,08; IC 95%: 1,02-4,22). CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes de ambos grupos, SUH y SUEH, tienen un perfil clínico basal similar, aunque con mayor gravedad del episodio en el grupo SUEH. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Se asociaron a una mayor mortalidad la dependencia, la escala SAPS-II > 52 y la retirada de la VNI. El reingreso se asoció con la dependencia y pertenecer al grupo SUH.


Assuntos
Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Ventilação não Invasiva , Readmissão do Paciente , Atividades Cotidianas , Estudos de Coortes , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Hospitais , Humanos , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha
2.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 79(5): 581-589, sept.-oct. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041620

RESUMO

Fundamento: Nadie duda de la necesidad de acercar de formaefectiva a los adolescentes información sobre anticoncepción yenfermedades de transmisión sexual. El objetivo de este estudio esevaluar el resultado de una intervención educativa en este ámbito.Métodos: Estudio antes-después de una intervención educativa(basada en charlas y entrega de documentación) sin grupo control. Sepasó un cuestionario antes y después de la intervención para valorarcambios en conocimientos y actitudes a los alumnos de 4º EnseñanzaSecundaria Obligatoria de cinco centros educativos de Toledo.Resultados: Contestaron 238 alumnos (de un total de 268). Laedad media fue de 15,59. El 54,66% eran mujeres. El 24,03% ya habíanmantenido alguna relación sexual. El método anticonceptivo másutilizado fue el preservativo (98,24%). Las chicas rechazan una relaciónsin protección con más frecuencia que los chicos (76,5% vs48,6%; p<0,001) y tienen más facilidad para compartir clase con unenfermo de sida (80,47% vs 60,38%; p<0,001). A los seis meses delinicio de la intervención respondieron al segundo cuestionario 197alumnos. El uso correcto del preservativo pasó del 62,13% al 73,46%.Conclusiones: Tras la intervención se aprecia una mejora en elnivel de conocimientos sobre anticonceptivos y sobre transmisióndel sida y una actitud más positiva frente al VIH


Background: No-one doubts the need of effectively providingteenagers with information about birth control and sexually-transmitteddiseases. This study is aimed at evaluating the results of aneducational intervention related to these matters.Methods: Before-and-after study of an educational intervention(based on lectures and handing out documentation) without a controlgroup. A questionnaire was passed out before and after the interventionto assess changes in knowledge and attitudes of the 4th-yearCompulsory Secondary Education students at five schools in Toledo.Results: The questionnaire was answered by 238 of the 268 students.The average age was 15.59. A total of 54.66% were females.In all, 24.03% had had some sexual relation. The birth controlmethod used most often was the condom (98.24%). The girls morerefuse more unprotected relations (76.5% vs. 48.6%; p<0.001) andshare the same classroom with a student having AIDS (80.47% vs.60.38%; p<0.001). Six months following the start of the intervention,a total of 197 students answered the second questionnaire. Propercondom use rose from 62.13% to 73.46%.Conclusions: Following the intervention, an improvement hasbeen noted in the degree of knowledge related to birth controlmethods and AIDS transmission and a more positive attitude regardingHIV


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Humanos , Gravidez na Adolescência/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Anticoncepcionais/uso terapêutico , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Espanha
3.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 1(1): 14-19, jun. 2005. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68958

RESUMO

Objetivo: Conocer el grado de conocimientos y la prevalencia del consumo de sustancias de abusoen adolescentes. Valorar los cambios antes y después de una intervención comunitaria.Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal (fase 1). Estudio «antes-después» (fase 2).Emplazamiento: Intervención comunitaria en el núcleo urbano de Toledo.Participantes: 357 alumnos de 2º de E.S.O. pre-intervención y 259 postintervención.Intervención: Educación para la salud mediante charlas educativas y entrega de material informativoen el contexto de un concurso de mensajes publicitarios durante un curso escolar.Resultados: Edad media 13,35 años (DE 0,65). 50,83% varones.Han fumado alguna vez el 37,22% (IC95% 32,1-42,3), sin diferencias por sexos. El 30,19% (IC95%25,5-35,2) ha consumido alguna vez alcohol, mientras el 30,81% (IC95% 26,1-35,9) afirma haber probado alguna droga. Tras la intervención se observa una mejoría general de los conocimientos sobre las consecuencias del consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas. La consideración de gravedad del consumo aumenta en el tabaco (6,95 a 7,21), el alcohol (6,77 a 7,10) y las drogas (9,22 a 9,49). El porcentaje de los que han probado el tabaco aumenta hasta el 45,17% (p<0,05); el de los que han consumido alcohol llega hasta el 50% (p<0,001). El consumo de marihuana en el último mes pasó del8,14% al 9,41% (p>0,05).Conclusiones: Alto grado de consumo de sustancias de abuso entre alumnos de 2º de E.S.O. Tras la intervención observamos un ligero aumento del grado de conocimientos y una mayor conciencia de la gravedad del consumo, no acompañada de una reducción del mismo, posiblemente por incidir en una etapa «de prueba» de su vida


Objective: To know the level of knowledge and the prevalence of abuse of substances in adolescents.To measure changes before and after intervention.Design: Transversal (phase 1) and descriptive study. Study before and after (phase 2) the intervention.Setting: Communitary actuation in the city of Toledo.Subjects: 357, 2 ESO students before actuation and 259 after actuation.Actuation: Health education throw public lectures and delivery of information matherial in the contextof a quiz of publicity messages during the school term.Results: Average age 13,25 (SD 0,65), 50,83 male. 37,22 % (CI 95 %: 32, 1-42,3) smoked any time,without differences by sex. 30,19 % (CI 95 %: 25,5 – 35,2) had consumed alcohol one time or moore,while 30,81 % (CI 95 %: 26,1 – 35,9) confirm consumption of another adictive substance after actuationit is possible to detect general improvement in knowledge about consequence involved in tobacco,alcohol and narcotics consumption. Perception of serious ill efects about the adiction increase in tobacco(6,95 – 7,21), alcohol (6,77 – 7,10) and narcotics (9,22 – 9,49). The percentage of patients who hadtaken tobacco increased to 45,17 % (p<0,05), alcohol 50 % (p<0,001). Consumption of marihuana inlast month increased from 8,14 % to 9,41 % (p<0,05)Conclusions: High level of adictive substances consumption in 2 ESO scholars. After intervention weobserv a slight increase of knowledhe, moore awareness about the depth of the problem but it is notacompaned with a reduction of the same possibly by effect of “the trial” stage of their life


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Tabagismo/prevenção & controle , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Comportamento do Adolescente
4.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 79(5): 581-9, 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16471137

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: No-one doubts the need of effectively providing teenagers with information about birth control and sexually-transmitted diseases. This study is aimed at evaluating the results of an educational intervention related to these matters. METHODS: Before-and-after study of an educational intervention (based on lectures and handing out documentation) without a control group. A questionnaire was passed out before and after the intervention to assess changes in knowledge and attitudes of the 4th-year Compulsory Secondary Education students at five schools in Toledo. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 238 of the 268 students. The average age was 15.59. A total of 54.66% were females. In all, 24.03% had had some sexual relation. The birth control method used most often was the condom (98.24%). The girls more refuse more unprotected relations (76.5% vs. 48.6%; p<0.001) and share the same classroom with a student having AIDS (80.47% vs. 60.38%; p<0.001). Six months following the start of the intervention, a total of 197 students answered the second questionnaire. Proper condom use rose from 62.13% to 73.46%. CONCLUSIONS: Following the intervention, an improvement has been noted in the degree of knowledge related to birth control methods and AIDS transmission and a more positive attitude regarding HIV.


Assuntos
Educação em Saúde , Gravidez na Adolescência/prevenção & controle , Gravidez não Desejada , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Adolescente , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Anticoncepção , Feminino , Seguimentos , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Educação Sexual , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo
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